The Model Railroad

Concept and Purpose

Beginning at the western edge of the Scranton City Yard, the layout models the Main Line as far east as East Stroudsburg. We also model the Bloomsburg Branch, but with a lower degree of prototype fidelity due to space limitations. The majority of freight traffic classification for the region was performed at Taylor Yard on the Bloom. Through freights made their setouts and pickups in the City Yard, and transfer runs moved the traffic between yards. Crews of trains orginating in Scranton picked up their motive power and caboose at the locomotive service area in City Yard, and ran light to Taylor where they picked up their train. They then ran back to Scranton where they entered the Main Line. Taylor was therefore an important location to include in the model. It was also important to include the Reading Railroad interchange at Rupert, on the Bloom, because it was the source of a large portion of the Scranton traffic. The actual interchange operation at Rupert was also an interesting operation. Finally, there was a small amount of traffic orginating on the eastern end of the Bloom, providing valuable local switching opportunities.

Beside the obvious goal of creating an accurate model of the Erie Lackawanna Scranton Division in 1975, my intent in designing and building this model railroad is to replicate operation of the Division and to challenge the operators to operate their trains realistically while folllowing prototype practices. To this end I have exaggerated the grade out of Scranton and adjusted the tractive effort of the locomotives. Trains that required helpers on the prototype need helpers on the model, and engineers need to consider train dynamics climbing or descending the grade (and elsewhere). I've also converted entirely to ProtoThrottles for train control, which helps to recreate the engineer's experience. Use of Digital Command Control allows separate crews to run the train locomotives and the helper sets, increasing the operating challenges.



Design Constraints
 

Prototype track layouts have been replicated in most locations, and the sequence and (as much as possible) the spacing of prototype locations has been preserved -- although highly compressed. The main area of compromise was between Mt. Pocono and East Stroudsburg. In order to increase the local industry switching available on the model, I decided to include East Stroudsburg just before the entrance to the Croxton Staging Yard (east end staging). Unfortunately, that location is around the corner from Mt. Pocono, while the prototype requires about 18 miles -- much of it downgrade -- to cover that distance. The added operating interest of the local switching at East Stroudsburg outweighs the loss of prototype fidelity, however.

The Bloomsburg Branch is modelled on the lower level, although the modelled section from Taylor to Rupert is drastically compressed.

Before starting the track plan, several specifications were established for physical characteristics of the railroad. The base elevation -- at Scranton City Yard -- was set at 50" from the floor. Although Rupert is lower, and the upper deck is considerably higher, this was the starting point. The minimum mainline radius is 30" and the minimum mainline turnout is #8, with #6s used in the yards and industries. Grades vary across the railroad, but outside the helper district, the maximum is 1.5%.

Experimentation showed a "standard" train length of 15 feet, including the motive power and caboose, to be ideal. At 15 feet the train is long enough to extend around a bend or through a scenic element (stand of trees, cut, etc) so it appears to go out of sight. Most trains are at least 20 cars in length, but certain trains are considerably longer, and some much shorter -- it varies quite a bit according to traffic levels.

Spacing of the towns was determined in part using the 15-foot trainlength. Other factors considered were the actual distance between the prototype towns and what work a train might be expected to perform in the town.

Staging

Staging consists of three hidden staging yards: 11-track yards at the eastern (Croxton) and western (Binghamton) ends of the mainline, and one 7-track staging yard (Northumberland) west of Rupert on the Bloomsburg Branch, representing the remainder of the Branch and the Reading Railroad. Three single-track staging "yards" connect at City Yard (representing the Diamond Branch), the west end of Taylor Yard (representing the D&H interchange), and at Pittston Junction (representing the Lehigh Valley interchange).


The Track Plan

The model is located in a basement approximately 28 feet by 34 feet, with the usual basement appliances to work around. Although the ceiling is fairly high, the central beam and heating duct prevented me from fitting a mushroom into the space, so we settled on a double-deck layout. The track plan is a relatively simple walk-around plan with one central peninsula and staging at either end of the visible portion of the railroad.

This plan allows the inclusion of much of the Bloomsburg Branch and the Main Line from Scranton to Mount Pocono, with East Stroudsburg added at the end. There is about a 45 foot run between Scranton City Yard and Taylor Yard, allowing a significant run between yards. Through trains drop and pick up cars at City Yard, while classification and most switching is done at Taylor, as the prototype did. Transfer runs between the two yards occur throughout the day, and help keep the Taylor Yardmaster out of mischief. And, of course, the transfer runs are exactly right for the Overland EL transfer caboose!

The modelled Main Line is about 325 feet long, and the Bloom is about 160 feet long. The Main Line grade begins in Scranton yard and continues to Lehigh Summit, reaching a maximum of 3.5% but remaining about 2% for most of that distance. We were able to imitate the profile of the prototype, though the grades have been exaggerated for operational interest. As on the prototype, though, there is a stretch of level track through the Nay Aug tunnel to challenge the train crews! The heavy trains and steep grades challenge the crews and the trains actually need the helpers to get up the hill.

The plans below show the general mainline layout of the mainline and branch. In some areas local spurs are detailed but the local track arrangements were adapted to the space available using prototype track plans as a guide after the mainline was built. Since plans for a double-deck layout can be confusing, I've included separate figures showing the Lower and Upper Levels, with the Bloomsburg branch and staging yards shown in different colors. Town name colors indicate mainline, branch, or staging. In the Upper Level figure, some Lower Level features (like Taylor Yard and the outline of the Branch under East Stroudsburg) are shown to help illustrate their relative positions.

Also note that the plan includes a "mole" position. We constructed the layout in stages, and started operations before the Mole had been built. I therefore found that to restage the railroad, all that is necessary in the staging yards is to swap the power and caboose, and turn the waybills. Because of the way trains were working in Scranton, the west end of the train was always the block worked -- on both eastbound and westbound trains.

So, we decided not to build and use the Mole, and extended the Upper (Croxton) Staging Yard behind the furnace and to the wall beyond the water heater. This has proven to be a very good change because Croxton was not a very large yard and severely limited train lengths. Now train lengths are controlled by traffic levels and more trains can be long enough to require helpers -- as did most non-TOFC trains in 1975. Next step is to replace the yard throat, which was originally built as a compound ladder using 3-way turnouts to save space, with a longer one utilizing a simple ladder and #8 turnouts. Hopefully that will eliminate the operational issues caused by the interaction of the 89-foot TOFC flats, autoracks, and other long cars with the unfortunate geometry of the 3-way turnouts.


Model Locations

Follow the links below to pictures of individual towns or areas of the layout.  
"Station Name" links are to information about the prototype location being modelled.

Unfortunately, I have not yet fleshed out all the pages.  Please excuse the blank pages and try back again later if you go to an unfinished page. Thanks!

In the Table, the modelled portion of the railroad has white text and borders, and the links are to location details and "Model" links you to the page for the modelled town.

Miles from Hoboken
Distance Between Stations
Station Name

81.56
2.76
East Stroudsburg
Model
94.61
13.05
Cresco

101.70
7.09
Pocono

102.59
2.29
Pocono Summit
Model
107.67
5.08
Tobyhanna
Model
112.93
5.26
Gouldsboro
Model
114.70
1.77
Lehigh
Model
120.58
5.88
Moscow
Model
123.75
3.17
Elmhurst
Model
127.75
4.00
Nay Aug
Model
133.17
5.42
Scranton
Model
140.55
7.38
Clarks Summit

148.12
7.74
Factoryville

152.12
3.83
Nicholson

171.66
19.54
New Milford

177.58
5.92
Hallstead

180.02
2.44
State Line

188.99
8.97
E. Binghamton

190.72
1.73
BD Tower

191.72
1.00
Binghamton


 

Control

A walk-around layout almost demands a form of command control, where each locomotive carries a decoder and can be controlled independently from other locomotives on the railroad. A walk-around layout also practically demands a wireless control system to allow operators the freedom to concentrate on their train and not the location of the next control plug. I selected North Coast Engineering's (NCE's) Digital Command Control (DCC) system based primarily on its ease of use and flexibility. At the time I selected it, they were also one of the few systems offering wireless (radio) throttles. among the other attractive features of the NCE system were the ability to set up locomotive consists that could be addressed by the lead or trailing unit numbers (rather than by a "Consist Address"), the duplex radio system (which confirms that the system received the throttle commands), and their small, easy-to-use handheld radio throttles.

Recent developments in decoder features and throttles, however, have driven us to change from the NCE throttles (although the underlying DCC system is still NCE) to the ProtoThrottle, a portable radio throttle designed to resemble a diesel engine control stand. The ProtoThrottle incorporates an eight-notch throttle lever, a three-position reverser, a variable-rate brake lever, horn lever, bell control, and several other, configurable, controls.



The ProtoThrottle is made most effective by the inclusion of brake functions in many of the newer decoders. Combined with the momentum already included in the decoders, the locomotive can be configured to coast quite a distance when the throttle is closed, and the brake can be configured to stop the locomotive in a variable distance, depending on the programmer's wishes. I have standardized on SoundTraxx decoders, both motor-only and sound, and have them set up with the maximum decelleration momentum. Starting momentum is much less, but the train weight helps to moderate jack-rabbit starts. The brakes are adjusted to stop the train in a reasonable distance, but definitely not on a dime! The result of these settings is that the engineer starts the train relatively slowly and, when he needs to stop he closes the throttle and lets the locomotive coast until he needs to apply the brake to stop. Meanwhile, the prime mover sounds have gone back to idle and the locomotive or train coasts along at idle. It's a lot of fun!

Of course, because the engineer now has a lot more to do to control the train, he doesn't have time to handle car cards or switch lists, or to plan switching moves, so every train that does more switching than a block-swap at Scranton gets a two-person crew.